2019辽宁银行招聘备考：练习题二十一

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　　Passage 1

　　Racial minorities, and African Americans in particular, face a whole host of disadvantages that are unique to their situation. Blacks, for instance, are least likely to hold substantial wealth and have access to decent schools, and more likely to live in poor neighborhoods with few services. They have worst health outcomes than their white counterparts, and face discrimination in housing and labor markets.

　　And over the last year, there have been high-profile(备受瞩目的)examples of the pervasive social problems faced by blacks, from unfair enforcement of drug laws to the deadly consequences of implicit bias.

　　In other words, if you were to survey Americans on their hopes for the future, no one would be surprised by wide black pessimism.

　　But that pessimism doesn't exist. Indeed, according to the latest Gallup poll on the nation's current standing, African Americans--and other minorities--are among the most optimistic people in the country.

　　As of this month, 57% of nonwhites say that the country's standing looks good, compared to 33% of whites. What's more, nonwhites consistently show higher levels of optimism for the future than their white

　　counterparts.

　　This isn't hard to explain: For as much as minority communities continue to face tough challenges, they aren't as severe as they were in the past; for many African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans, conditions have improved on a steady trajectory(发展轨道). This, it seems, is reason enough for optimism.

　　That is to say, according to a study from the Pew Research Center, Hispanics(拉丁裔美国人)--for instance---are more likely than the general public to show commitment to the idea that hard work brings success. 75% say that most people can get ahead if they are willing to work hard, compared to 58% for Americans.

　　As for white Americans? It wouldn't be wise to generalize about the views of every white person in the country, but if I had to speculate, I'd say it's the economy--it's hard to stay hopeful when you're met with stagnant conditions and economic pain. And that's especially true when--in your perceived past—things were better: jobs were easy to come by, and no one had to worry about losing their home or their property.

　　Yes, it's certainly true that--for a subset of whites--pessimism on the country's future is tied to cultural anxiety--the U.S. is more diverse than it's ever been, there's no going back, and for the many white Americans who see the country as theirs, this is disturbing.

　　But broadly speaking, if minorities and whites have different views of America's future, it's because--in some sense--they see themselves on different trajectories.

　　1.What disadvantage are blacks more likely to face in the U.S.? ( )

　　A. To have poor neighbors.

　　B. To suffer from mental health problems.

　　C. To experience economic pain.

　　D. To be treated unfairly when looking for a job

　　【答案】D。细节题。第一段指出少数种族在美国面临的各种不利形势，其中包括在就业市场受歧视。故选D。A项：“有贫穷的邻居”;B项：“患有心理健康问题”;C项：“经受经济创痛”。

　　2.What can we infer from the third paragraph? ( )

　　A. The author assumes that all Americans are pessimistic for the future.

　　B. People assume that bad situations would lead to pessimism.

　　C. The author assumes that Americans have different hopes for the future.

　　D. People assume that blacks are optimistic by nature.

　　【答案】B。是非题。作者在第三段指出没人会因为黑人的悲观态度而感到惊讶，也就是说黑人因为不好的处境而感到悲观，这属于人之常情。故选B。A项：“作者认为所有的美国人都对未来很悲观”;C项：“作者认为美国人对未来有不同的期望”;D项：“人们认为黑人天性乐观”。

　　3.Why are racial minorities more optimistic for the future? ( )

　　A. They no longer worry about losing their property.

　　B. The U.S. is believed to have a good standing.

　　C. Their conditions are changing in an upward direction.

　　D. They think that they can achieve success if they are willing to.

　　【答案】C。细节题。第六段指出少数族群乐观态度的原因，即他们现在所面临的挑战并不比过去更加严峻，而且一些人认为状况正得到改善。故选C。A项：“他们不再担心失去他们的财产”;B项：“美国被认为有良好的地位”;D项：“他们认为他们只要愿意，就能获得成功”。

　　4.What does the author take as one reason for whites' being less optimistic? ( )

　　A. The economic conditions become worse than before.

　　B. They always believe that the past was better.

　　C. They cannot consistently keep optimistic

　　D. They have to face the same challenges with nonwhites.

　　【答案】A。细节题。第八段指出了白人感到悲观的一个原因，即经济形势不好，而且这种状况在和过去对比时更加明显。故选A。B项：“他们总是认为过去是更好的”;C项：“他们不能始终保持乐观”;D项：“他们要不得不面对与非白种人同样的挑战”。

　　5.What does the underlined “this” (Line 3, Paragraph 9 ) refer to ( ).

　　A. Racial diversity.

　　B. Cultural anxiety.

　　C. Pessimism for the future.

　　D. A subset of whites.

　　【答案】A。含义题。第九段指出白人感到悲观的另一个原因：文化焦虑。让具有本土观念的美美国人感到不安的是不可改变的种族多样性。故选A。B项：“文化焦虑”;C项：“对未来的悲观情绪”;D项：“一部分白人”。

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